Sunday, March 31, 2013

On the return from a journey recite

On the return from a journey recite
أَوْبَاً أَوْبَاً لِرَبِّنَا تَوْبَاً لَا يُغَادِرُ عَلَيْنَا حَوْبَاً
"I have come back, I have come back, I seek forgiveness from Allah with such a repentance that leaves me with no sin".

(Hisnul Hasin from Abi Yala)
 

On the return journey when entering one's own city recite

On the return journey when entering one's own city recite
آيِبُونَ تَائِبُونَ عَابِدُونَ لِرَبِّنَا حَامِدُونَ
"We are returning, repenting and obedient to Allah, praising Him".

(Hisnul Hisn)
Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.)'s blessed habit was to return from a journey during chast time within the city. He would first go to the Masjid, perform two rakaats Salaats. Thereafter he would stay in the Masjid for a little while and then go home.

(Bukhari, Muslim)
Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) loved to journey on Thursdays.

(Bukhari)

Etiquettes on returning from a journey

Etiquettes on returning from a journey
When returning from a journey one should sit on the mode of conveyance and recite:
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ فِي سَفَرِنَا هَذَا الْبِرَّ وَالتَّقْوَى
On departing, recite all journey duas and be concerned about the etiquettes of a journey and on every ascend recite "Allahu-Akbar" thrice and recite:
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٍ آيِبُونَ تَائِبُونَ عَابِدُونَ سَاجِدُونَ لِرَبِّنَا حَامِدُونَ صَدقَ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ وَهَزَمَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ
"There is none worthy of worship besides Allah who has no partner, His is the Kingdom and to him is all praise, for He has created everything. We are those returning, repenting and obedient to Allah, performing Sajda, praising Allah, Allah has made truth (fullfilled) His promise and aided His servant and defeated the enemy armies Alone."

(Mishkat)

recite the following five Suras when on journey

Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) told Jabir bin Mutim (R.A.) to recite the following five Suras when on journey:
1- Surah Kaafiroon
2- Surah Nasr
3- Surah Ikhlaas
4- Surah Falaq
5- Surah Naas
Every Surah should commence with "Bismillah" and Surah Naas should end with "Bismillah" as well, thus reciting "Bismillah" six times.
Jabir (R.A.) states: "When I went out on journey (and although I was wealthy and had more merchandise than my companions), my conditions were worse than them, but from the time I began reciting these surahs, on return my condition was better than all of them, and I had most provisions of the journey".

(Hisnul Hasin)

At the time of Sehri while on a journey recite

At the time of Sehri while on a journey recite
سَمْعُ سَامِعٍ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَنِعْمَتِهِ وَحُسْنِ بَلَائِهِ عَلَيْنَا رَبَّنَا صَاحِبْنَا وَأَفْضِلْ عَلَيْنَا عَائِذَاً بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّارِ
"The heaven has heared our praise of Allah and also heard our testification that He favours us and keeps us in good condition. Our Lord stay with us and grant us your favours and I make dua to seek refuge from Allah from Jahannam (hell fire)".

(Hisnul Hasin from Muslim etc)
It is also narrated that this dua be recited three times in a raised voice.

(Hisnul Hasin from Mustahab)
Note:
Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) stated that if a person on journey refrains from worldly affairs in his heart and focuses his attention to Allah and remembers Him, the angels stay with him throughout the journey and if he recites imaginary poetry or does any futile thing then Satan stays with him during his journey.

(Hisnul Hasin)

When entering any city

When entering any city or a populated area recite the following dua three times:
اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِيهَا
"O Allah, You grant us good in it (the city/populated area)".

(Hisnul Hasin from Tabarani)
then recite:
اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنَا جِنَاهَا وَحَبِّبْنَا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا وَحَبِّبْ صَالِحِي أَهْلِهَا إِلَيْنَا
"O Allah, grant us the fruit of this place and create love in the people for us and create love in our hearts for the righteous people (of this area)".

(Hisnul Hasin from Tabarani)

When night while on a journey recite

When night while on a journey recite
يَا أَرْضُ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكِ اللَّهُ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّكِ وَشَرِّ مَا خُلِقَ فِيكِ وَشَرِّ مَا يَدُبُّ عَلَيْكِ وَأَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ أَسَدٍ وَأُسُودٍ وَمِنَ الْحَيَّةِ وَالْعَقْرَبِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ سَاكِنِي الْبَلَدِ وَمِنْ وَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ
"Oh Earth, your Lord, and my Lord is Allah. I seek refuge in Allah from the evil (of your nights) and those evils created in you and that which moves in you and seek refuge in Allah from the lions, snakes, scorpions and from the evils of the dwellers of the city and from the father and children".

(Hisnul Hasin from Abu Dawood)

Dua when alighting off a vehicle

Dua when alighting off a vehicle
When alighting off a vehicle recite:
أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّاتِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ
"I seek refuge in Allah by His complete words from the evils of the creation".
By reciting this dua, no harm will befall on the person.

(Muslim)
When seeing the village/town of the destination recite
اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ وَمَا أَظْلَلْنَ وَرَبَّ الَأَرَضِينَ السَّبْعِ وَمَا أَقْلَلْنَ وَرَبَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ وَمَا أَضْلَلْنَ وَرَبَّ الرِّيَاحِ وَمَا ذَرَيْنَ فَإِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ وَخَيْرَ أَهْلَهَا وَنَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا وَشَرِّ أَهْلِهَا وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا
"O Allah, You are the Lord of the seven skies and all the things that are under these skies and the seven planets and whatever is over these and of Satan who misled and all those misled by him and for the wind and all that it blows. Thus we seek the good of this town and the good of its members (people) and seek refuge from its evil and the evil of its members and from the evils of whatever is in it".

(Hisnul Hasin from Ibn Habban)

Dua when travelling in a ship

Dua when travelling in a ship
When travelling in a ship recite:
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ مَجْرَاهَا وَمُرْسَاهَا إِنَّ رَبِّي لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ . وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ وَالْأَرْضُ جَمِيعاً قَبْضَتُهُ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ وَالسَّمَاوَاتُ مَطْوِيَّاتٌ بِيَمِينِهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ .
"In the name of Allah, it moves and stops. Definitely my Lord is forgiving and merciful and the Kuffar have not recognised Him as they should, whereas on the Day of Qiyamah the whole earth will be in His fist and the skies folded in His right hand. He is Pure and Superior (lofty) from the belief which the Mushrikeen hold (have)".

(Hisnul Hasin)

When climbing recite

When climbing recite:
سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ
When alighting اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ and when passing an area where there is water recite بِسْمِ اللَّهِ and in the event of an accident or the animals feet slipping recite لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ 

(Hisnul Hasin)

When beginning the journey recite

When beginning the journey recite
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ فِي سَفَرِنَا هَذَا الْبِرَّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَمِنَ الْعَمَلِ مَا تَرْضَى اللَّهُمَّ هَوِّنْ عَلَيْنَا سَفَرَنَا هَذَا وَاطْوِ لَنَا بُعْدَهُ اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ الصَّاحِبُ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْخَلِيفَةُ فِي الْأَهْلِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ وَعْثَاءِ السَّفَرِ وَكَآبَةِ الْمَنْظَرِ وَسُوءِ الْمُنْقَلَبِ فِي الْمَالِ وَالْأَهْلِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْحُورِ بَعْدَ الْكُورِ وَدَعْوَةِ الْمَظْلُومِ
"O Allah, we seek goodness from You and piety from this journey and (the ability to do) good actions by which You are pleased. O Allah, ease this journey for us and make us transverse the road quickly. O Allah, You are our companion in this journey and deputy (guardian) over our household whom we left behind. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the difficulties of the journey and from seeing bad things and from a bad return at home and household and from the dua of the oppressed".
Note: It is Mustahab to perform two rakaats Nafl Salaat before commencing a journey.

(Kitabul Askar-Li-Nawawi)
When climbing recite:
سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ
When alighting اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ and when passing an area where there is water recite بِسْمِ اللَّهِ and in the event of an accident or the animals feet slipping recite لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ 

(Hisnul Hasin)

Dua when mounting or placing a foot on a stripe

Dua when mounting or placing a foot on a stripe
When mounting on or placing the foot on the stripe, recite:
"Bismillah" and when sitting on the back of the animal or a seat recite Alhamdulillah and then the following Ayah:
سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُ مُقْرِنِينَ وَإِنَّا إِلَى رَبِّنَا لَمُنْقَلِبُونَ
"Allah is pure, He has given control and without His power we would not have any control Without doubt we are to return to him:

(Surah Zakhruf)
Thereafter
Alhamdulillah - three times الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ
Allahu-Akbar- three times اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ
Thereafter the following dua:
سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنوُبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ
"O Allah, You are pure, surely I have oppressed myself so forgive me for You are the only One Who forgives sins". After reciting this it is Mustahab to smile.

(Mishkat)

Dua at the intention to undertake a journey

Dua at the intention to undertake a journey
اللَّهُمَّ بَكَ أَصُولُ وَبِكَ أَجُولُ وَبِكَ أَسِيرُ
"O Allah, it is with Your help that I attack (the enemy) and with Your help I defend and with Your help I depart".

(Hisnul Hasin)

Dua by the traveller for the person wishing him farewell

Dua by the traveller for the person wishing him farewell
أَسْتَوْدِعِكُمُ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا تَضِيعُ وَدَائِعُهُ
"I leave your responsibility to Allah (leave you in his hands) in whose protection nothing can be lost (destroyed, damaged) when He protects".

(Hisnul Hasin

Dua at the time of his departure:

Dua at the time of his departure:
اللَّهُمَّ إِطْوِ لَهُ الْبُعْدَ وَهَوِّنْ عَلَيْهِ السَّفَرَ
"O Allah, let his journey be covered quickly and most easily".

(Tirmidhi)

Dua for another person undertaken a journey

Dua for another person undertaken a journey
When some other person undertakes a journey, recite the following dua:
زَوَّدَكَ اللَّهُ التَّقْوَى وَغَفَرَ لَكَ ذَنْبَكَ وَيَسَّرَ لَكَ الْخَيْرَ حَيْثُ كُنْتَ
"May Allah make piety part of your journey, forgive your sins and fulfil the purpose of the journey".

(Tirmidhi)

Thursday, March 28, 2013

Duas concerning Journeys

Duas concerning Journeys
When biding farewell to someone going off on a journey, recite:
أَسْتَوْدِعُ اللَّهَ دِينَكَ وَأَمَانَتَكَ وَخَوَاتِيمَ عَمَلِكَ
"(I make) Allah responsible for your deen, your trustworthiness and for the results of your actions".

(Tirmifhi)

when bitten by a scorpion:

Prophet Mohammad's (SAW) action when bitten by a scorpion:
Once a scorpion bit Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) while he was in Salaat. On completion of the Salaat he said: "Curse be on the scorpion as it does not leave the person performing Salaat nor anyone else". He then asked for water and salt and dissolved that salt in the water. He rubbed the solution on the wound and kept reciting Surah-al-Kaafiroon, Falaq and Naas.

(Hisnul Hasin from Tabarani in Al-Sagheer)
 

When consoling someone

When consoling someone
When consoling someone, greet with salaam and say:
إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا أَخَذَ وَلَهُ مَا أَعْطَى وَكُلٌّ عِنْدَهُ بِأَجَلٍ مُسَمَىً فَلَتَصْبِرْ وَلْتَحْتَسِبْ
"Definitely Allah has taken what belongs to Him. He has given us what belongs to Him. He has stipulated a time for everyone (which He does not chance by impatience or plan). Have patience and hope for reward". 

(Bukhari)

When entering the cemetry

When entering the cemetry
السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمُ يَا أَهْلَ الْقُبُورِ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ أَنْتُمُ سَلَفُنَا وَنَحْنُ بِالْأَثَرِ
"Oh inmates of the graves, salaam on you. Allah forgive us and you all. You left first and we will be coming later".
Or
السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمُ أَهْلَ الدِّيَارِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَاحِقُونَ نَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ لَنَا وَلَكُمُ الْعَافِيَةَ
"Oh Muslims residing here, salaams on you, by the will of Allah we will also be coming to you. We seek safety for us and you".

(Muslim)

When the soul is leaving the body

When the soul is leaving the body
Recite:
اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى غَمَرَاتِ الْمَوْتُ وَسَكَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ
"O Allah, at this (time) of severity of death help me". (Tirmidhi)
At the time of death turn the face towards the Qibla and the Majlis (gathering) that is present should say the shahada
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ
loudly in front of the dying person so that he may hear it and recite it. It is not fard or wajib to recite the shahada at the time of death and if someone did not recite it, then it makes no difference.
It is stated in hadith that if the following are the last words of a dying person then he will enter Jannah (i.e. he will be saved from the punishment of sins and there will be no barrier from entering Jannah).

(Hinsul Hasin)
During the last moments a person from amongst those present should recite Surah Yaseen (as it eases death). 

When going to the deceased's house

When going to the deceased's house
Every person going to the house of the mayyit should recite:
اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلَهُ وَأَعْقِبْنِي مِنْهُ عُقْبَى حَسَنَةً
"O Allah, forgive me and him and grant us a better substitute for grief".

(Hisnul Hasin)
When placing the dead person on the platform or whilst carrying them recite:
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ
(Hisnul Hasin from Ibn Abi Shaiba/Mokufaan Ali Ibn Umar (R.A.))
 

To soothe ill children

To soothe ill children
أُعِيذُكَ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْطَانٍ وَهَامَّةٍ وَمِنْ كُلِّ عَيْنٍ لَامَّةٍ
To soothe children during illness or at any harm recite:
"I seek refuge in Allah with His total words from the evil Satan, from every poisonous animal and from the evil eye". (Bukhari)
If any member of Prophet Mohammad (SAW.)'s household fell ill, he used to recite the the four Quls and blow on them.

When death is eminent

When death is eminent
Recite:
اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَارْحَمْنِي وَأَلْحِقْنِي بِالرَّفِيقِ الْأَعْلَى
"O Allah, forgive me and have mercy on me and let me reach the Companion on high". 

(Hisnul Hasin)

For the cure of any illness

For the cure of any illness
Ayesha (R.A.) stated that when anyone among them had an illness, Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) used to rub the area of the pain reciting the following dua:
أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ رَبَّ النَّاسِ وَاشْفِ أَنْتَ الشَّافِي لَا شِفَاءَ إِلَّا شِفَاؤُكَ شِفَاءٌ لَا يُغَادِرُ سَقَمَاً
"O Lord of the people, remove this pain and cure it, You are the one who cures and there is no one besides You who can cure, grant such a cure that no illness remains".
"Ayesha (R.A.) stated that when Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) was ill, he used to recite the four Quls, blow on his hands and pass them over on the back and front. He also recited these surahs, blew on his hands and passed them over his body during his fatal illness". 

(Bukhari, Muslim)

When visiting the sick

When visiting the sick
Recite:
لَا بَأْسَ طَهُورٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
"There is no problem, If Allah wills, He will purge your sins by this illness." 

(Bukhari)
And recite this dua seven times for his good health
أَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْعَظِيمَ رَبَّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ أَنْ يَشْفِيَكَ
"I ask Allah who is the Lofty and the Lord of the Mighty Throne that He cures you"
Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) said that by reciting this dua seven times, the ill person will regain his health and if death occurs then that (death) is a different issue (i.e. death is written it cannot be prevented).

(Mishkat)
 

Dua to pay off debts

Dua to pay off debts
Recite:
اللَّهُمَّ اكْفِنِي بِحَلَالِكَ عَنْ حَرَامِكَ وَأَغْنِنِي بِفَضْلِكَ عَمَّنْ سِوَاكْ
"O Allah, save me from haraam and make the halaal sufficient and by your boon/favour make me independent from others".

(Mishkat)
These words were spoken by Ali (R.A.) taught by Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) when a person expressed a shortfall in his wealth to Ali (R.A.) he said: "Shall I not show you what Prophet Mohammad (SAW) taught me, even if there is a debt equal to that of a huge mountain then Allah will pay it". Ali (R.A.) then recited the above dua.

(Tirmidhi)
Another dua for payment of debt
Abu Saeed Kudri (R.A.) narrates that once a person mentioned to Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) that he was concerned about his major debts. Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) replied "Shall I not show you those words by saying which Allah will remove your concern and pay your debts?" The person asked "What is it, O Messenger of Allah?" Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) told him to recite the following morning and evening:
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَمِّ وَالْحَزَنِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْعَجْزِ وَالْكَسَلِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ وَالْجُبْنِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ غَلَبَةِ الدَّيْنِ وَقَهْرِ الرِّجَالِ
"O Allah I seek refuge in You from worry and grief, I seek refuge in You from hopelessness and laziness, I seek refuge in You from miserliness and cowardice and I seek refuge in You from overwhelming debt and from the force of men".
The person stated that he recited this dua and Allah removed all his worries and debts.

(Abu Dawood)
Sayed-ul-Istighfaar (The leader of the duas of forgiveness), Shudaat bin Auwais Aas (R.A.) narrates that Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) said that Sayed Istighfaar is:
اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبِّي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ خَلَقْتَنِي وَأَنَا عَبْدُكَ وَأَنَا عَلَى عَهْدِكَ وَوَعْدِكَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا صَنَعْتُ أَبُوءُ لَكَ بِنِعْمَتِكَ عَلَيَّ وَأَبُوءُ بِذَنْبِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ
"O Allah, You are my Lord, there is none worthy of worship besides You, You have created me and I am Your servant, I am Your pact and promise, I seek refuge in You to the best of my ability from my evil sins. I testify to Your favours and to my sins, hence forgive me since there is no one else to forgive sins besides You".

(Mishkat)
The person who recites this dua sincerely in the course of the day and night and dies will be among the people of Jannah. (Bukhari)

Dua on a burn injury

Dua on a burn injury
Read blow on the burnt person:
أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ رَبَّ النَّاسِ اشْفِ أَنْتَ الشَّافِي لَا شَافِيَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ
"O Lord of all mankind, remove the difficulty and grant relief (for) there is no One but You who grants relief (cure)".

(Hisnul Hasin)
By blowing is meant, let the two lips meet a little and blow in such a manner that a very little saliva emits. This applies in all cases where blowing is mentioned.

When tired of life

When tired of life
Due to difficulty death is sought but one should never pray for death instead pray this:
اللَّهُمَّ أَحْيِنِي مَا كَانَتِ الْحَيَاةُ خَيْرٌ لِي وَتَوَفَّنِي إِذَا كَانَتِ الْوَفَاةُ خَيْرَاً لِي
"O Allah keep me alive as long as is good for me and when death is better for me lift me".

(Mishkat)

For pain of the eye

For pain of the eye
Read this and blow on the ailing eye:
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ اللَّهُمَّ أَذْهِبْ حَرَّهَا وَبَرْدَهَا وَوَصَبَهَا
"I take the name of Allah and blow, O Allah remove its heat, cold and sickness Then say by the will of Allah". (Hisn from Nisai etc)
For eye pain
اللَّهُمَّ مَتِّعْنِي بِبَصَرِي وَاجْعَلْهُ الْوَارِثَ مِنِّي وَأَرِنِي فِي الْعَدُوِّ ثَأْرِي وَانْصُرْنِي عَلَى مَنْ ظَلَمَنِي
"O Allah grant me benefit from my eyesight and keep it (maintain it) till my death and give me power over my enemies and give me aid against those who oppress me".

(Hisn)

For any animal (cow/buffalo) that becomes sick

For any animal (cow/buffalo) that becomes sick
Recite:
لَا بَأْسَ أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ رَبَّ النَّاسِ اشْفِ أَنْتَ الشَّافِي لَا يَكْشِفُ الضُّرَّ إِلَّا أَنْتَ
"There is no problem, O Lord of mankind, remove the difficulty (and) grant relief for you are the One who grants relief. There is no one but You who removes difficulties."
Read this and blow 3 times on the right udder and 3 times on the left udder.

(Hisn from Abi Shaiba Maqoofaan from Ibn Masood (R

At the time of fire

At the time of fire
Extiunguish the fire by reciting:
اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ
The author of Hisnul Hasin says that this is proven.

(Abu Yala and Ibn Al-Sunni)

When burying the dead

When burying the dead
Recite:
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَبِاللَّهِ وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ
"In the name of Allah and with His aid and on the Madhab (deen) of the Rasul of Allah I place him in the grave". 

(Hisnul Hasin)
After the burial recite Surah Fatiha and the beginning of Surah Baqarah at the head side and the last ayats of Surah Baqarah at the feet.

(Mishkat)
Stay a little while at the grave side and ask Allah for forgiveness for the dead and make dua that he remains firm at the time of questioning by the angels.

(Hisnul Hasin from Abu Dawood etc)
 

When someone's child dies

When someone's child dies
Recite:
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ
This can also be read when any calamity befalls. By saying so, Allah instructs His angels to build a house for His servant in Jannah and to name it "Bait-ul-Hamd" (House of Praise).

(Hisnul Hasin from Tirmidhi

When the soul has left the body

When the soul has left the body
Recite:
اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِفُلَانِ وَارْفَعْ دَرَجَتَهُ فِي الْمَهْدِيِّينَ وَاخْلُفْهُ فِي عَقِبِهِ فِي الْغَابِرِينَ وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلَهُ يَا رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَأَفْسِحْ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَنَوِّرْ لَهُ فِيهِ
"O Allah, forgive (name of the dead person). Make him among the guided ones, raise his status and be his deputy among the grieving. O Lord of the two worlds, forgive us and him and make his grave wide and full of light". Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) recited this dua after the death of Abu Salama (R.A.) after closing his eyes. In place of فُلَانُ state the dead person's name. 

(Mishkat from Muslim)
When recited for another Muslim then in place of فُلَانُ mention the name of the dead person and before the name add a "Laam" with a "Kasrah (Zer)"

Dua by an ill person

Dua by an ill person
Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) said that if an ill person recites the following dua forty times and dies in that illness, he will be rewarded as a martyr and if he regains his health, all his sins will be forgiven:
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ
"There is none worthy of worship besides You O Allah, You are pure, I have oppressed my soul".

(Mustadrak)
In another hadith Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) said that if a person recites the following dua during his illness and dies, then the fire of Jahannam is forbidden for him. 

(Hisnul Hasin from Trimidhi etc)
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ
"There in none worthy of worship besides Allah, He is the greatest. There is none worthy of worship besides Allah, He is all by Himself.
There is none worthy of worship besides Allah. He has no partner with Him. His is the Kingdom and all Praise. He is the one to grant us the ability to save ourselves from sinning and to do good".
 
 

Istikhara

Istikhara
Jabir (R.A.) states that Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) taught them the Istikhara dua with such constancy and used to say that when a person is in any dilemma, he should perform two rakaats nawafil Salaat and thereafter recite the following dua:
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَخِيرُكَ بِعِلْمِكَ وَأَسْتَقْدِرُكَ بِقُدْرَتِكَ وَأَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ الْعَظِيمِ فَإِنَّكَ تَقْدِرُ وَلَا أَقْدِرُ وَتَعْلَمُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ خَيْرٌ لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي فَاقْدُرْهُ لِي وَيَسِّرْهُ لِي ثُمَّ بَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ شَرٌّ فِي دِينِي وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي فَاصْرِفْهُ عَنِّي وَاصْرِفْنِي عَنْهُ وَاقْدُرْ لِيَ الْخَيْرَ حَيْثُ كَانَ ثُمَّ ارْضِنِي بِهِ
"O Allah, with Your knowledge I seek the good, with Your power I seek ability and Your mighty favour for certainly You have the power that I don't have, You know and I do not Know and You Know the unseen. O Allah, in Your knowledge if this work is good for me in this Duniya and the Akhirah (hereafter), then let it be for me, grant me blessings in it and if it is bad for me then keep it far away from me and grant me any destiny that will make me happy".

(Mishkat)
Whilst reading, think of the matter on hand.

When fever or pain increases

When fever or pain increases
If fever rise or pain increases:
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الْكَبِيرِ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ مِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ عَرَقٍ نَعَّارٍ وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَرِّ النَّارِ
"I seek relief taking Allah's great blessed name from all the evils of pulling (pulsating) nerves and from the evils of the hot fire". 

(Tirmidhi)
It is prohibited to speak ill of fever. When Umme Sahabia (R.A.) spoke ill of fever then Prophet Mohammad (SAW) said, "do not abuse fever for it removes the sins of man like the furnace removes the rust from the iron". 

(Mishkat)

Dua after salaat of need

Dua after salaat of need
Abdullah bin Auf (R.A.) narrates that Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) said that if a person has a need either from Allah or man, he should perform wudhu properly, perform two rakaats Nawafil Salaat, praise Allah and send Durood to Prophet Mohammad (SAW.) and recite the following dua:
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَرْشِالْعَظِيمِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ أَسْأَلُكَ مُوجِبَاتِ رَحْمَتِكَ وَعَزَائِمَ مَغْفِرَتِكَ وَالْغَنِيمَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ بِرٍّ وَالسَّلَامَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ إِثْمٍ لَا تَدَعْ لِي ذَنْبَاً إِلَّا غَفَرْتَهُ وَلَا هَمَّاً إِلَّا فَرَّجْتَهُ وَلَا حَاجَةً هِيَ لَكَ رِضَاً إِلَّا قَضَيْتَهَا يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ
"There is none worthy of worship besides Allah, who is the affectionate and most helpful. He is pure and is the Lord of the Arsh (throne). All praise belongs to Allah. O Allah, I desire (seek) that which makes Your mercy compulsory and the things that necessitate Your forgiveness, and portion of every good and safety from every sin. O Merciful of the Merciful, forgive (pardon) my sins and remove all my worries and fullfil all my needs as You desire.

For kidney stone or urination problems

For kidney stone or urination problems
Blow on the one who has stopped urinating or has stone ailment or any other difficulty:
رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ الَّذِي فِي السَّمَاءِ تَقَدَّسَ اسْمُكَ أَمْرُكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ كَمَا رَحْمَتُكَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا حَوْبَنَا وَخَطَايَانَا أَنْتَ رَبُّ الطَّيِّبِينَ فَأَنْزِلْ شِفَاءً مِنْ شِفَائِكَ وَرَحْمَةً مِنْ رَحْمَتِكَ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجَعِ
"Our Lord is Allah who is in the skies (worthy of worship). Your name is Pure. Your authority is prevalent in the sky and earth, just as Your Mercy is in the sky thus lower it on earth as well and forgive our sins and errors. You are the Lord of the pure ones thus descend upon this pain a cure (relief) from Your reliefs/cures and descend a Mercy from amongest Your Mercies on this pain.
If somone is smitten by a poisonous animal then read Surah Fatiha 7 times and blow on the animal" 

(Hisn from Tirmidhi)
If somone is not mentally stable then read Surah Fatiha blow on that person.

For any calamity

For any calamity
When any calamity comes, even if pricked by a thorn recite:
إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ اللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِي فِي مُصِيبَتِي وَاخْلُفْ لِي خَيْرَاً مِنْهَا
"Definitely we are from Allah and to Him is our return. O Allah, grant reward in my calamity and grant in its place a good substitute". 

(Muslim)
If there is an infection on the body, wet the Shahaadat finger with saliva from the mouth, place it on the ground and then rub it on the infection while reciting:
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ تُرْبَةُ أَرْضِنَا بَرِيقَةُ بَعْضِنَا لِيَشْفِيَ سَقَمَنَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّنَا
"In the name of Allah, with the blessings of this soil of our land which I mixed with the saliva so that the ailment is cured by the order of our Lord".

(Bukhari, Muslim)
If there is pain on the body, place the right hand on the pain, recite "Bismillah" thrice and the following dua seven times:
أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدْ وَأُحَاذِرْ
"I seek refuge in the Being and Power of Allah from the effects of which I am in and from that which I fear".

(Hisnul Hasin from Muslim)

Upon the thought of a bad omen

Upon the thought of a bad omen
If for no reason the thought of a bad omen comes to mind, then recite:
اللَّهُمَّ لَا يَأْتِي بِالْحَسَنَاتِ إِلَّا أَنْتَ وَلَا يَذْهَبُ بِالسَّيِّئَاتِإِلَّا أَنْتَ وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِكَ
"O Allah, you bring into existence the good and only you can remove any bad condition, as the power to do good and prevent from evil is in Your control"

Dua in Ramadan

Dua in Ramadan
Intent (Niyah) to keep fast
 
 
When breaking fast
Recite:
اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَعَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ
"O Allah, I have fasted for You and from the sustenance given by You, I break the fast".

(Abu Dawood)
Alternate dua
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِرَحْمَتِكَ الَّتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ أَنْ تَغْفِرَ لِي ذُنُوبِي
"O Allah, I seek by your mercy which encompasses everything, that You forgive my sins".

(Hisnul Hasin)
After Iftaar
Recite:
ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ وَثَبُتَ الْأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
"The thirst has quenched and left wetness and with the will of Allah, reward is proven (certain)" 

(Abu Dawood etc).
 
 
Making Iftaar at someone's place
Recite:
أَفْطَرَ عِنْدَكُمُ الصَّائِمُونَ وَأَكَلَ طَعَامَكُمُ الْأَبْرَارُ وَصَلَّتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ
"May the fasting persons make Iftari with you, the righteous partake in your meals and the angels send mercy on you". (Hisnul Hasin Ibn Maja etc)
 
Dua For the Night of Qadr (Power)
Recite:
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفُوٌّ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ فَاعْفُ عَنِّي
"O Allah, you are the Most Forgiving, and One who loves forgiving, therefore forgive me". (Tirmidhi)